Snippet

   def subtraction(x: int) -> int:
        if not x == 10 or x > 8:
            while x > 7: 
                x -= 1
        return x

    def to_ten(y: int) -> int:
        while y < 10:
            y += 2
        return y

    def main():
        num1: int = 2
        num1 = to_ten(num1)
        num1 = subtraction(num1)
        print(f"The number is {num1}")

    main()

Solution

Image Description The Memory Diagram has three columns from the left to the right, including the Stack, the Heap and the Output.

The Stack has 4 frames in the following order from top to bottom including, Globals, main, to_ten, subtraction.

The Globals frame has 3 variables including subtraction, to_ten, and main.

subtraction has id 0, it is function on the heap, from lines 1-5
to_ten has id 1, it is a function on the heap from lines 7-10
main has id 2, it is a function on the heap from lines 12-16 The main frame has 3 items, including num1, RA, and RV.
num1 is defined as 2 initially, but changes to 10 after the frame to_ten finishes, and changes to 7 after the frame subtraction finishes
RA is defined at line 18
RV is none

The to_ten frame has 3 items, including y, RA, and RV.

y is initially 2, but changes to 4, then 6, then 8, then 10.
RA is defined at line 14
RV is 10

The subtraction frame has 3 items, including x, RA, and RV.

x is initially 10, but changes to 9, then 8, then 7.
RA is defined at line 15
RV is 7

The Heap includes 3 function objects The Output includes the phrase: “The number is 7”

Practice Memory Diagram

Snippet

Solution