Snippet

    def f(x: str) -> int:
        return len(x) + 1


    def g(x: int, y: str) -> int:
        while x > len(y):
            x -= 1
        return x


    def main() -> None:
        (g(f("python"), "java"))


    main()

Solution

Image Description

The Memory Diagram includes three columns titled Stack, Heap, and Output.

The Stack includes 4 frames in the following order from top to bottom including Globals, main, f, and g.

The Globals frame has 3 variables including f, g, and main.

• f has id 0, it is a function on the Heap (lines 1-2).
• g has id 1, it is a function on the Heap (lines 5-8).
• main has id 2, it is a function on the Heap (lines 11-12).

The main frame has 2 items including the RA and RV.

• The RA is defined at line 15.
• The RV is None.

The f frame has 3 items including the RA and RV and a variable named x.

• The RA is defined at line 12.
• The RV is 7.
• x is “python”

The g frame has 4 items including the RA and RV and two variables named x and y.

• The RA is defined at line 12.

• The RV is 4

• x is 4

• Previous values of x include 7, 6, and 5 which are now crossed out * y is “java” The Heap includes 3 function objects. Output is empty.